Indigenous horticulture

**Group 1: Indigenous Horticulture in Africa**

– Eggon community in North Africa practices bush fallow agriculture and mixed farming with a focus on yams, cassava, maize, beans, and African rice.
– The Eggon utilize terraced agriculture to maximize space on hills and raise goats for fertilizers.
– Kissidougou in West Africa practices intercropping in forested areas and grazes cattle on savannah lands.
– Banyankore in western Uganda cultivate bananas, coffee, and millet using intercropping methods.
– Indigenous horticulture in West Africa benefits from seasonal flooding of major rivers like the Niger and Senegal.

**Group 2: Indigenous Horticulture in the South Pacific**

– Highlander horticulture by the Enga of New Guinea involves growing sweet potatoes in mounds at high elevations to protect crops from frost.
– Lowland Swidden cultivation by the Bine-speaking peoples of New Guinea includes growing taro root as the main crop along with 15 subsidiary crops.
– Island Horticulture involves hunting, fishing, and gathering of sago, banana, and other tropical foods by tribes like the Tabalu of Kiriwina.

**Group 3: Indigenous Horticulture in the Americas**

– Native American farming methods in North America include terracing, irrigation, and crop rotation.
– The Anasazi people in North America built reservoirs and directed rainwater through ditches.
– South America is exploited for natural resources and indigenous knowledge supporting agriculture, forestry, and mining.
– Different South American regions have unique agricultural styles and cultural identities.
– The Kayapớ tribe in South America practiced intensive agriculture with shifting cultivation methods.

**Group 4: Advanced Farming Techniques**

– Moundbuilders in the Northeast Woodlands and Great Lakes region cultivated maize as the main crop.
– Native Americans developed storage systems and selective crop breeding, leading to over 700 varieties of corn.
– Advanced societies like the Moundbuilders created surplus food due to their farming practices.

**Group 5: Utilization of Indigenous Agricultural Techniques**

– Native American tribes employed the Three Sisters farming technique for balanced nutrition.
– Native Americans used irrigation to water crops and developed over 700 varieties of corn through selective breeding.
– Indigenous agricultural practices in the South Pacific, particularly in Papua New Guinea, involved subsistence changes and swidden cultivation techniques.