Fence

**Types of Fences:**
– Brushwood fencing
– Chain-link fencing
– Close boarded fencing
– Expanding fence or trellis
– Ha-ha (or sunken fence)
– Live fencing
– Solid fences (e.g., dry-stone wall, stockade fence)
– Wire fences (e.g., smooth wire, barbed wire, electric)
– Wood-panel fencing
– Wrought iron fencing

**Legal Issues and Regulations:**
– Regulation of fencing in developed areas
– Considerations subject to regulation (height, material, setback, aesthetics)
– Required fencing for safety and security reasons in various areas
– Facilities mandated to be fenced in by law
– Examples of areas that require fencing for safety and security
– Ownership of a fence on a boundary in the UK
– Estate planners’ requirements for specific types of fences for privacy in the UK
– Landowners’ responsibilities for fencing livestock on private land in the UK
– Different land ownership and fencing patterns in the US
– State laws in the US regarding fence maintenance responsibilities
– State-level laws on fence construction in the US
– Influence of open range traditions on fencing practices in the rural west of the US

**History of Fencing:**
– Servitudes as legal arrangements of land use
– Evolution of land use and fencing in England under the feudal system
– Enclosure of common fields by large farmers in the sixteenth century
– Impact of fences on land use and the development of modern law
– Use of buck-and-rail fencing in the American Civil War

**Security Features:**
– Detectors
– Peripheral alarm control unit
– Means of deterrence
– Means for remote communication
– Remote alarm receiving unit

**Miscellaneous:**
– Mesh or panelling typically in mid-position, allowing access for repairs in the UK
– Rural fences with adjacent ditches usually have the same ownership in the UK
– Different laws in the US regarding fence maintenance responsibilities
– Recognition of purple paint markings as No Trespassing signs in some US states