Dutch garden

**1. Dutch Garden Style:**
– Dutch gardens historically followed trends from neighboring countries.
– In the 17th century, Dutch gardens were known for a wide range of plants and specimen plants.
– They were efficient in space usage and featured topiary and canals.
– The distinctively Dutch style relates to formal styles in large gardens in the latter part of the 17th century.
– Dutch gardens adapted wider trends from England and France starting from the 19th century onwards.

**2. Dutch Influence Abroad:**
– Dutch-style gardens abroad began in the 17th century with a focus on specimen plants and canals.
– Features like canals and topiary may have been imported to the Netherlands from France.
– Evergreen hedges, tulips, rectangular flower gardens, and heavy planting are characteristic of Dutch gardens.
– Dutch gardens abroad often featured bulbs and dwarf conifers in the German style.

**3. Dutch Gardens in England:**
– Dutch influence in England strengthened when King William III of England ascended the throne in 1689.
– Westbury Court Garden in England is a notable example of a Dutch-style garden.
– Dutch artists dominated paintings and prints of country houses and gardens in England from 1660 to the 1730s.
– The Dutch garden in England was characterized by geometric layouts, highly colored flowers, canals, and flat grounds with abundant water.

**4. Het Loo Palace Gardens:**
– The gardens of Het Loo Palace were the largest Dutch version of the French formal garden.
– Dutch 17th-century gardens combined similar elements as French and English gardens.
– Land values and environmental factors influenced Dutch garden styles.
– Small modern Dutch gardens often use bulbs and dwarf conifers.
– Het Loo Palace gardens were laid out in a highly cultivated and geometrical fashion.

**5. Symbolism and Historical Depictions:**
– The Garden of Holland is a patriotic metaphor for the independence of the Netherlands, defended by the Dutch Maiden and the Batavian Lion.
– It draws from the medieval Hortus Conclusus and is depicted in many prints and forms of decorative arts.
– Symbolism in the garden includes a single tree representing the House of Orange, often needing re-planting.
– Historical depictions through prints, medals, and visual representations showcase events like the French invasion of 1672-75.
– Scholarly works and citations further explore the concept, symbolism, and history of the Garden of Holland.