Agricultural fencing

**History and Fence Laws:**
– Livestock roamed freely historically and were fenced out of unwanted areas.
– Early fences were made of stone, wood, timber, or earth.
– Various types of fences like log, split-rail, and sunken fences were common.
– Open range laws in the American West prevailed until the mid-20th century.
– Court cases gradually limited open range laws.
– Private landowners in the UK are responsible for fencing livestock in.
– Conflict arose between large and small landowners due to hobby farm development.

**Types of Wire Fences:**
– Wire fences are supported by tension between heavy posts.
– Galvanized mild steel is traditionally used for wire fences.
– Barbed wire, introduced in the mid-19th century, contributed to range wars.
– Smooth wire is a safer option than barbed wire, causing fewer lacerations.
– High tensile wire, introduced in the 1970s, allows for higher tension.
– Woven and mesh wire are used for containing smaller livestock.
– Hog panels are rigid, self-supporting panels for fencing.

**Other Types of Fencing Materials:**
– Chain link fences are not common for large areas and require high maintenance.
– Electric fences deliver harmless shocks and are made of lightweight steel wire.
– Synthetic fences, including vinyl-coated wire, are available in various colors.
– Wood, pipe, and other materials are used where cost is less of a concern.
– Pipe fences are known for their strength and durability.

**Fence Maintenance and Wildlife Issues:**
– All types of agricultural fencing require regular maintenance.
– Weather, flood, fire, and accidents can damage fences.
– Regular maintenance is crucial to prevent livestock escape.
– Livestock fencing can harm wildlife by trapping and causing injuries.
– Special fencing is needed to contain deer and goats.
– Measures like adding visibility to wire fences can reduce wildlife collisions.

**Specialized Fencing and Additional Information:**
– Dingo Fence, Hampshire gate, pet fence, and rabbit-proof fence are notable types of fencing.
– Temporary fencing is used for short-term needs.
– Wildlife-friendly fences are essential, and guides are available for building them.
– Fencerows and hedgerows serve as important habitat links and windbreaks.
– Quality materials are crucial for ranch fences, and resources like Popular Mechanics provide fence-building tools.